Asked by Anonymous
Once the nerve ending catch noxious stimuli such as chemical irritants, heat, cold stimuli, (black arrow) to substance P-containing nerve fibers, substance P has a capable of transmitting pain stimuli (green arrow).
On the other hand, substance P can be released from the free nerve endings by the noxious stimuli (blue arrows). Released substance P (red dots) are able to bind to their receptors neurokinin 1 recetors (yellow squares) on the several types of cells, such as keratinocytes, neutrophils, macrophages, endothelial cells of blood vessels, and T cells to induce a variety of cellular functions.
Reference: Yamaza, Takayoshi & Kido, Mizuho. (2011). Biological Sealing and Defense Mechanisms in Peri-Implant Mucosa of Dental Implants. 10.5772/18998.
Further reading: Graefe SB, Rahimi N, Mohiuddin SS. Biochemistry, Substance P. [Updated 2023 Jul 30]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554583/
